In its 135^th session held on January 5^th, 1988, the Supreme Council of the Cultural Revolution, based on Article 4 of the act defining the Council’s aims and duties, approved the establishment of the Academy of Sciences of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Initially, 15 of the most distinguished scientists from various fields of the country were elected as fellows of the Academy. The Academy officially began its activities in 1990 (1369). Prof. Ali Shariatmadari served as the first president of the Academy, holding the position until 1998 (1377). After Prof. Shariatmadari’s tenure ended in 1998, the General Assembly of the Academy elected Prof. Reza Davari Ardakani as the new president and proposed him to the President of the Republic, who appointed him as the president of the Academy of Sciences. Following the resignation of Prof. Reza Davari Ardakani in 2023, Prof. Mohammad Reza Mokhber Dezfouli was proposed by the President of the Republic and confirmed by the members of the Supreme Council of the Cultural Revolution, and subsequently appointed as the president of the Academy by the President of the Republic. The Academy is an institution with an independent legal personality, affiliated with the Presidential Administration.