Ghayth-oddine Abulfath Omar-ibn Ebrahim Khayyam Neyshaburi—as better known, Hakim Omar Khayyam—is today more known for his poetry, while he is one of the best known polymath of Seljuk era. He was born in Neyshabur on 18 May 1048 and passed away in 1131, again in Neyshabur. Khayyam spent most of his 83 years in Neyshabur, the main metropolitan in Khorasan region at the time. He received his schooling and education in the same city under Imam Movaffaq Neyshaburi and learned mathematics under Bahmanyar Marzban Salari. Imam Movaffaq Neyshaburi was considered the greatest teacher of the Khorasan region at the time and was also teacher of Khuaje Nizam al-molk, and probably also Hassan Sabbah. Bahmanyar is one of the most renown disciples of Ibn-e-Sina. Through him, Khayyam became familiar with and was influenced by the school of thought of Ibn-e-Sina, which is clearly visible in philosophical viewpoints and world-view of Khayyam. The friendship of Khayyam and Khuaje Nizam al-molk was deep and long-lasting, the two stayed close till the end of Khauje’s life. Abul-Hassan Beyhaqi, the famous historian of the end of Qaznavi-era (which preceded Seljuks) has met Khayyam and mentioned about him in his writings. Khayyam was already very renown and famous for mathematics and astronomy since his youth. In his twenties, he wrote his influential books on algerba; in them he classified first, second and thrid degeree algebraic equations; proved that third degree equation can’t be reduced to second degeree equation; provided the general solution to third degree equation using hyperbolic cross-sections; worked through the binomial expansion theorem (known as Khayyam-Newton binomials) and showed the coefficients are given by what is now known as Khayyam-Pascal triangle. Khayyam wrote these books during his time in Bukhara, Marv and Samarqand. After publishing the books in algebra, his friend Nizam al-molk, who was then the grand vazir of Sultan Jalal-o-ddine Malekshah of Seljuk, invited him to Isfahan, the capital city of Malekshah. Khayyam stayed in Isfahan for 18 years, as the director of Isfahan observatory, which was equipped with the best astronomical instruments of the time. In Isfahan, he spent most of his time on astronomical observations and studies. His most significant and still-lasting work of this period was a thorough revision of the Persian calendar. The calendar, which in honor of Sultan Malekshah, was/is called Jalali calendar, inaugurated on 15 March 1079. Khayyam made the calendar very precise and in doing so and to find the precise moment of Nowruz, he computed the orbit of the Earth around the Sun up to the astonishing precision of 16 significant digits. In the same period, Khayyam wrote his very influential book on the Euclidean geometry (called the theory of parralels). After the death of Malekshah and his patron Khuaje Nizam al-molk and during the reign of Sultan Sanjar (Malekshah’s son), Khayyam moved to Marv for a while and then returned to his hometown Neyshabur, where he stayed till the end of his life. In Neyshabur which was Sultan Sanjar’s captial at the time, he was teacher and directior of the Nezamieh school. During this period he wrote more books on algebra, geometry and astronomy, that was references for the disciples of the time and afterward. Khayyam was living in a period after Ferdowsi, Ibn-e-Sina and Abu-Reyhan, respectively, great poet, philosopher and physician, and scientist of around 1000 years ago. Through his teacher, Bahmanyar, Khayyam was close to philosophical school and world-view of Ibn-e-Sina, in comparison to Abu-Reyhan whose views was very close to the modern-day natural/empirical scientists. At his own time, Khayyam was quite famous for mathematics and astronomy. However, today, Khayyam is more known for his poems. Khayyam has the same position in Rubaei (quatrain) form of Persian poetry, as great Ferdowsi in the heroic/epic Mathnavi form, Hafiz in Ghazal form and Mowlana-Rumi in philosophical and mystic Mathnavi form. Khayyam’s rubaeis are unrivaled in being concise and to-the-point. In his rubaeis he presents very deep philosophical issues, specially the existential, timeless questions, with ultimate brevity, eloquence, beauty and elegance. Khayyam is among very few poets whose poems are translated to so many languages, and in all of them, as witnessed by the known literati of that language, the poems are as beautiful, elegant, pithy and terse, as in the original language. Khayyam was a gifted polymath and poet his works in algebra, geometry, astronomy and poetry are very influential and long-lasting, while a single work like Jalali calnedar was enough to the immortality of his name and fame. Hope that we witness similarly globally renown great scientists, philosophers and scholars from the same land and culture of Khayyam.